La habilidad de modelar conectivas lógicas en diferentes dominios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/18509959.30.e8Palabras clave:
Lógica proposicional, Contextualización, Ejemplos, Abstracción, TransferenciaResumen
En lógica proposicional, las conectivas de disyunción o conjunción en proposiciones simples se comprenden de manera intuitiva. La dificultad de algunos estudiantes de programación estriba en identificar una red de proposiciones compuestas y conectivas lógicas que subyacen a una situación problemática. Una técnica muy utilizada para contextualizar conceptos es la provisión de ejemplos ilustrativos. Propusimos investigar el efecto que produce la generación de ejemplos (inventados por los alumnos), con posterioridad a la recepción de ejemplos del docente. Observamos que al recibir problemas que pertenecen a un mismo dominio temático se promueve la comprensión y la transferencia intra dominio, pero es improbable la transferencia a dominios distantes. En el primer experimento comprobamos que contextualizar con un único ejemplo es suficiente para promover la comprensión (realizar los ejercicios y tablas) pero no facilita en los estudiantes la posibilidad de imaginar escenarios distintos para la aplicación de las mismas reglas. En un segundo experimento, presentamos dos situaciones consecutivas en contextos distintos, el grupo experimental recibió ejemplos acompañados de un conjunto de instrucciones de comparación, y el grupo control sólo recibió los ejemplos sin instrucciones para compararlos. Observamos que en la condición de comparación, los estudiantes proponen ejemplos más alejados de los dominios temáticos propuestos. Inferimos que la comparación de ejemplos es un potente mecanismo para promover la transferencia en el aprendizaje de reglas de lógica proposicional aplicadas a situaciones concretas.
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